पहले भी हमने 'राम राम भाई 'एवं अन्यत्र भी इस बाबत
बात की है कि जीवाणु जैसे सूक्ष्म जीवों के खिलाफ बिना
सोचे समझे ,गैरवाजिब तरीक़े से ,एंटीमाईक्रोबिक एजेंट्स
(एंटीमाइक्रोबियल ,एंटीबायोटिक्स )का अंधाधुंध इस्तेमाल
आज भारत को एक ऐसे कगार पर ले आया है जहां
संक्रमणकारी रोग एक बड़ी परेशानी का सबब बन बैठे हैं।
यहीं से पैदा हुआ है ,इसी लापरवाही की कोख से जन्मा
है ,'सुपरबग' जिससे असर ग्रस्त लगभग आधे मरीज़ों पर
अब तक प्रयुक्त दवाएं नाकामयाब साबित हो रही हैं।
दुनिया भर के गहन चिकित्सा निगरानी केन्द्रों में घुसपैठ
बना रहा है यह सुपरबग। यदि यही हालात और रवैया
चिकित्सा जगत में इन दवाओं के गैरतार्किक इस्तेमाल को
लेकर बना रहा तो हालात बे -काबू हो जाएंगे। लोग उन
तमाम संक्रमणों से मारे जाएंगे जिनसे एंटीबायटिक्स
दवाओं की खोज से पहले मारे जाते थे और जिन
पर एंटीबायोटिक के तार्किक और समुचित इस्तेमाल से पार
पा लिया गया था।
उत्तरजीवाणुरोधी दवाओं के इस दवा -प्रति -रोधी दौर में
एक बार फिर डायरिया (अतिसार ),सेप्सिस (पूतिता
,रोगाणुता ,प्रति दोष ,स्टेट आफ हैविंग बॉडीली टिशू
इंफेक्टिड बाई बैक्टीरिया ),न्यूमोनिया (फेफड़ों की सूजन
और संक्रमण फेफड़ों की एक गंभीर बीमारी जिसके कारण
सांस लेने में कठिनाई होती है )तथा मूत्रमार्ग के आम
संक्रमण से लोग मरने लगें तो किसी
को आश्चर्य नहीं होना चाहिए। यह हमारे ही चिकित्सा
धत्कर्मों और लालच ,अपढ़ता का नतीजा है। पढ़िए इसी
विषय पर विश्वस्वास्थ्य संगठन की रिपोर्ट :'Antimicrobial
resistance: Global report on surveillance'का खुलासा अपने मूल
रूप में :
विशेष :मूल दवा (भेषज )और औषध निर्माण में उसके उपयोग के
वैज्ञानिक अध्ययन यानी औषधशाश्त्र (भेषजगुणविज्ञान )के माहिर
फार्माकालिजिस्टों की माने तो अब भी इस समस्या से पार पाया जा
सकता है एंटीबायोटिक्स के तार्किक और वाजिब इस्तेमाल से। नुस्खों की
प्रामाणिकता से ,बिना नुस्खों के दवाएं न बेचीं जाएँ। दवाओं के नाम
केपिटल लेटर्स में ही लिखे जाएँ।
Common pills failing to
fight superbugs: WHO
MUMBAI: Drug-resistant microbes have evolved to an extent where up to 50% of patients affected by the superbugs are not getting cured by medicines commonly used against them, said the World Health Organisation's first global surveillance report on antibiotic resistance released on Wednesday.
Common bacteria like E coli are increasingly proving to be a deadly import in hospitals, particularly intensive care units, across the world.
And WHO had a word of caution about India. "The infectious disease burden in India is among the highest in the world and the inappropriate and irrational use of antimicrobial agents against these diseases has led to an increasing trend in development of antimicrobial resistance," it said.
"Without urgent, coordinated action by many stakeholders, the world is headed for a post-antibiotic era, in which common infections and minor injuries which have been treatable for decades can once again kill," said WHO's Dr Keiji Fukuda.
The report, 'Antimicrobial resistance: Global report on surveillance', studied antibiotic resistance in nine different bacteria responsible for common diseases such as sepsis, diarrhoea, pneumonia, urinary tract infections and gonorrhoea.
"An increasing number of patients who reach the ICU with urinary tract infection are resistant to usually prescribed medicines," said an intensivist from a south Mumbai hospital. The medical fraternity can no longer depend on one antibiotic alone, "we are using drugs in combinations most of the time", he added.
WHO noted that fluoroquinolones, widely used to treat urinary tract infections caused by E coli, don't work in 50% cases. "In the 1980s, when these drugs (fluoroquinolones) were introduced, resistance was virtually zero. Today, there are countries where this treatment is now ineffective in more than half the patients," the report said.
It stressed that antibiotic resistance was causing people to be sicker longer and increasing the risk of death. "People with MRSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus) are 64% more likely to die than people with a non-resistant form of the infection," said the report.
The emergence of extremely drug-resistant TB drove home the extent of antibiotic resistance in Mumbai. In 2011-2012, city doctors highlighted TB cases resistant to all the known antibiotics usually used to treat it. WHO, in 2011, estimated there are 6.3 lakh cases of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among the world's 12 million cases of TB.
Dr Rohini Kelkar, who heads the microbiology department of the Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, and is a member of the Hospital Infection Society of India, said the situation in India is grave. The WHO report blamed poor regulation of prescriptions in the country. "There is a lack of knowledge among medical practitioners as well as the public on rational use of antibiotics. The health sector in India needs improved management of healthcare delivery systems, both public and private, which will minimize conditions favourable for the development of drug resistance."
But not all take the grim view. A senior intensivist said although antibiotic resistance is widespread, it is still confined to certain sections of patients. "The MRSA superbug would be difficult to treat in patients who are already vulnerable and not in healthy people. Mainly, patients who stay in hospitals for long, those in ICUs and cancer patients could suffer due to antimicrobial resistance," said the doctor.
Dr Urmilla Thatte, who heads the pharmacology department of civic-run KEM Hospital in Parel, said antibiotic resistance could be reversed with rational use of the known drugs. "A few years ago, people were resistant to septran, an old antibiotic, but now it is back to be being effective," she pointed out.
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